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Adaptation changes in dynamic postural control and contingent negative variation during backward disturbance by transient floor translation in the elderly
Katsuo Fujiwara, Maki Maekawa, Naoe Kiyota, Chie Yaguchi
Journal of Physiological Anthropology , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-31-12
Abstract: Compared with the first trial, the posterior peak position of CoPy changed significantly forward from the 12th trial in the young and from the 19th trial in the elderly during the initial set. The mean of the posterior peak position was more forward in second set than in the initial set for both groups and was significantly backward in the elderly compared to the young for both sets. These findings indicate that subjects in both groups adapted better to the postural disturbance in the second set than in the initial set, and the adaptation was later in the elderly. Late CNV in the young started to increase negatively from the middle of the S1-S2 period and peaked just before S2. Peak CNV amplitude was larger in the second set than in the initial set. In contrast, late CNV in the elderly exhibited no negative increase as in the young and peaked in the middle of the S1-S2 period, which was followed by gradual decreasing toward S2. No adaptive changes were found in late CNV for the elderly.It is conceivable that reduced activation of the frontal lobe may be one of the factors contributing to the decrease in postural adaptability in the elderly. The elderly may use various brain regions for the adaptation of dynamic postural control compared with the young.
The effects of neck flexion on cerebral potentials evoked by visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli and focal brain blood flow in related sensory cortices
Fujiwara Katsuo,Kunita Kenji,Kiyota Naoe,Mammadova Aida
Journal of Physiological Anthropology , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-31-31
Abstract: Background A flexed neck posture leads to non-specific activation of the brain. Sensory evoked cerebral potentials and focal brain blood flow have been used to evaluate the activation of the sensory cortex. We investigated the effects of a flexed neck posture on the cerebral potentials evoked by visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli and focal brain blood flow in the related sensory cortices. Methods Twelve healthy young adults received right visual hemi-field, binaural auditory and left median nerve stimuli while sitting with the neck in a resting and flexed (20° flexion) position. Sensory evoked potentials were recorded from the right occipital region, Cz in accordance with the international 10–20 system, and 2 cm posterior from C4, during visual, auditory and somatosensory stimulations. The oxidative-hemoglobin concentration was measured in the respective sensory cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy. Results Latencies of the late component of all sensory evoked potentials significantly shortened, and the amplitude of auditory evoked potentials increased when the neck was in a flexed position. Oxidative-hemoglobin concentrations in the left and right visual cortices were higher during visual stimulation in the flexed neck position. The left visual cortex is responsible for receiving the visual information. In addition, oxidative-hemoglobin concentrations in the bilateral auditory cortex during auditory stimulation, and in the right somatosensory cortex during somatosensory stimulation, were higher in the flexed neck position. Conclusions Visual, auditory and somatosensory pathways were activated by neck flexion. The sensory cortices were selectively activated, reflecting the modalities in sensory projection to the cerebral cortex and inter-hemispheric connections.
Mazur manifolds and corks with small shadow complexities
Hironobu Naoe
Mathematics , 2015,
Abstract: In this paper we find infinitely many Mazur type manifolds and corks with shadow complexity one among the 4-manifolds constructed from contractible special polyhedra having one true vertex by using the notion of Turaev's shadow. We also find such manifolds among 4-manifolds constructed from Bing's house. Our manifolds with shadow complexity one contain the Mazur manifolds $W^{\pm }(l,k)$ which were studied by Akbulut and Kirby.
A trigonometric proof of the Steiner-Lehmus Theorem in hyperbolic geometry
Keiji Kiyota
Mathematics , 2015,
Abstract: We give a trigonometric proof of the Steiner-Lehmus Theorem in hyperbolic geometry. Precisely we show that if two internal bisectors of a triangle on the hyperbolic plane are equal, then the triangle is isosceles.
Purification, Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Exodeoxyribonuclease III from Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii Strain 7  [PDF]
Shuichi Miyamoto, Chieko Naoe, Masaru Tsunoda, Kazuo T. Nakamura
Crystal Structure Theory and Applications (CSTA) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/csta.2013.24021
Abstract:

Exodeoxyribonuclease III (EXOIII) acts as a 3’→5’ exonuclease and is homologous to purinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease (APE), which plays an important role in the base excision repair pathway. To structurally investigate the reaction and substrate recognition mechanisms of EXOIII, a crystallographic study of EXOIII from Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 was carried out. The purified enzyme was crystallized by using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystals belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 154.2, b = 47.7, c = 92.4 ?, β = 125.8° and diffracted to 1.5 ? resolution.

Contribution of CD3 ε Epitope and Oxidative Type of Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase to the Degeneration Processes of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy-Cerebellar Type (MSA-C: Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy, OPCA): An Immunohistochemical Study  [PDF]
Masako Kato, Shinsuke Kato, Kiyota Kato, Kazuhiko Hayashi
World Journal of Neuroscience (WJNS) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2016.64034
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of CD3 epsilon (ε) epitope and oxidative type of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase to the degeneration processes of cerebellar Purkinje cells in patients with Multiple System Atrophy-Cerebellar type (MSA-C). Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on autopsy specimens of 17 patients with sporadic MSA-C and 10 normal individuals. Paraffin sections of autopsied cerebella and pontes were immunostained with polyclonal antibodies against CD3 ε epitope and oxidative modification to cysteine sulfonic acid of cys111 in human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Ox-SOD1). With respect to the areas of CD3-ε-epitope expression, the immunohistochemical study and the quantitative statistical analysis between the areas of CD3-ε-epitope expression in the surviving Purkinje cells of MSA-C patients and their disease duration were performed. Results: The cell bodies and dendritic arborization including primary, secondary, and tertiary dendrites of normal Purkinje cells were intensely immunostained by the antibody against CD3 ε epitope. Both the immunohistochemical study and the quantitative statistical analysis revealed that the areas positive for CD3 ε epitope disappeared in the order from tertiary dendrites, secondary dendrites, primary dendrites toward the cell bodies, along with the disease progression. In addition, Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusions (GCIs) and Neuronal Cytoplasmic Inclusions (NCIs) were strongly positive for CD3 ε epitope. The surviving Purkinje cells in MSA-C showed immunostaining by the anti-Ox-SOD1 antibody, although normal Purkinje cells did not. Conclusion: Based on the oxidative stress that the surviving Purkinje cells
Simplified IPSec Protocol Stack for Micro Server
Nguyen Thanh Hoa,Kensuke Naoe,Yoshiyasu Takefuji
International Journal of Network Security , 2010,
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a simple IPSec protocol stack for Micro Server. We proposed an implementation of IPSec protocol stack which is constructed by Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) protocol with Advanced Encryption Security (AES) encryption scheme, whereas authentication using MD5 algorithm is optional. Researchers have focused on creating a small system composed of sensors and a Micro Server where it has a small sized memory, multi-function, low cost, but without security consideration. The security problem in the Micro Server is a challenging task because of the very limited flash memory.Here, we have implemented the AES function as 2.704 Kbytes and the ESP protocol with this encryption function as 3.822Kbytes of code. Therefore, the proposed method has less than 4Kbytes in code size. Even including the authentication using MD5, the file size is less than 7Kbytes although this is still optional. In our proposed method, we have focused on implementing the encapsulation of the payload and ignored the key exchange procedure to simplify the secure communication compared to conventional IPSec protocol stack.
Bioremediation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dixoin in Soil by Fungi Screened from Nature
Sanro Tachibana,Yukinori Kiyota,Michifusa Koga
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences , 2006,
Abstract: To purify dioxin-contaminated soil by bioremediation with the fungi screened from nature, microbial degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) was conducted with two fungi (PL1 and 267) screened from nature. The two fungi degraded 22 to 62% of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Maximum degradation (62%) was obtained when PL1 was incubated for 30 days at 1 ng. Furthermore, bioremediation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in soil with PL1 was conducted. The PL1 degraded 27 to 51% of the dioxin at 1 and 10 ng g-1 soil in 15 and 30 days, respectively. Maximum degradation (51%) was obtained when PL1 was incubated for 30 days at 1 ng g-1 soil. In addition, 2,3,7,8-TCDD was indeed degraded by the fungi, because 4,5-Dichlorocatechol considered to be an intermediate was detected among the reaction products.
Bioremediation of Dioxin-Contaminated Soil by Fungi Screened from Nature
Sanro Tachibana,Yukinori Kiyota,Michifusa Koga
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences , 2007,
Abstract: To degrade dioxins in contaminated soil, bioremediation was conducted with two fungi (PL1 and 267) screened from nature. A comparison of the concentration of dioxins (Toxicity equivalent quantity) before and after the bioremediation revealed 20 to 90% of dioxins in the soil to be degraded in 15 and 30 days, respectively. Maximum degradation (90%) was obtained with PL1 after 30 days in the presence of 0.1% surfactant.
Biodegradation of 2,7-Dibenzo-p-Dixoin and 2,4,8-Trichlorodibenzofuran in Soil by Fungi Screened from Nature
Sanro Tachibana,Yukinori Kiyota,Michifusa Koga
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences , 2005,
Abstract: Microbial degradation of 2,7-Dichlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (2,7-DCDD) and 2,4,8-Trichlorodibenzofuran (2,4,8-TCDF) with four fungi (PL1, PL2, PC and 267) screened from nature was conducted to select fungi for the bioremediation of dioxins in soil. The four fungi degraded 63 to 96% of 2,7-DCDD and 24 to 78% of 2,4,8-TCDF, respectively. Maximal degradation (96 and 78%) was obtained with PL1 when the incubation was conducted for 30 days after addition of 0.25 mM of 2,7-DCDD and 2,4,8-TCDF to the culture medium, respectively. Two fungi (PL1 and 267) were selected for bioremediation experiments. In 15 and 30 days, 267 degraded 37 to 63% of 2,7-DCDD and 18 to 58% of 2,4,8-TCDF, present at 1 and 10 ppm in soil. Maximal degradation (63 and 58%) was obtained with 267 when the bioremediation was conducted for 30 days after addition of 10 ppm of 2,7-DCDD and 2,4,8-TCDF to the soil, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation of 2,7-DCDD was enhanced using a solid medium. Also, 2,7-DCDD and 2,4,8-TCDF were indeed degraded by the fungi (267 and PL1), because 4-Chlorocatechol and 3,5-Dichlorosalicylic acid and 5-Chlorosalicylic acid, considered to be the intermediates in the bioremediation of 2,7-DCDD and 2,4,8-TCDF, respectively, were detected among the reaction products.
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